In beef cattle, cow productivity can be measured as kg per calf weaned per large stock unit mated. (KgC/LSU). Implementing an effective replacement heifer program may be a big challenge for beef cattle farmers and is a challenge that needs to be addressed.

Cattle farmers, and especially stud farmers, will want to ensure that their bull herd maintains condition and health throughout the winter months to ensure optimal body condition and fertility once the mating season starts again in spring and summer.